马超,苏琪茹,郝利新,温宁,樊春祥,曹雷,张燕,王慧玲,罗会明,王华庆,李黎

• 1:中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心
• 2:中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所
• 3:卫生部医学病毒学和病毒病重点实验室
• 4:世界卫生组织西太平洋区麻疹参比实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

目的分析中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)2012~2013年麻疹流行病学特征和消除麻疹的策略与措施,为消除麻疹提供参考。方法对中国2012~2013年麻疹发病、麻疹监测系统(Measles Surveillance System,MSS)运转指标,以及采取的消除麻疹策略与措施进行描述流行病学分析。结果中国2012年报告麻疹发病率为0.46/10万(6183例),报告死亡8例;2013年报告麻疹发病率为2.04/10万(27 646例),报告死亡24例。2013年报告发病率、病例数、死亡数分别较2012年增加343.48%、347.13%、200.00%。2012年未出现3~5月的麻疹发病季节高峰,但2013年较为明显。2012年和2013年,青海、广东省和新疆维吾尔自治区报告发病率均居全国前5位,2012年全国有1074个县(区、市、旗,下同)、2013年有1871个县有麻疹病例报告。两年均以<8月婴儿麻疹发病率最高,其后依次为8~23月龄、2~6岁、15~34岁、7~14岁、≥35岁。2012年<8月龄、8~23月龄、2~6岁、7~14岁、≥15岁麻疹病例分别占24.47%、33.92%、11.95%、2.41%、27.25%,2013年分别占30.81%、29.59%、10.34%、2.29%、26.97%。两年8~23月龄麻疹病例无含麻疹成分疫苗(Measles-containing Vaccine,MCV)免疫史的均>70%,2~3岁麻疹病例中约50%无MCV免疫史。2012~2013年MSS各项运转指标中,排除麻疹病例报告发病率均>2/10万,疑似麻疹病例48h内完整调查率、散发疑似麻疹病例血标本采集率、血清学检测结果 7d内报告率均>97%,麻疹爆发疫情病原学标本采集率<80%。2012~2013年共报告了2009例麻疹病例基因型鉴定结果,H1a基因亚型所占比例均>96%。结论中国消除麻疹虽然取得了明显进展,但仍存在薄弱地区、薄弱人群,经过近年易感者的积累,麻疹疫情开始反弹。需要扎实地落实既定的消除麻疹策略与措施,包括以提高适龄儿童MCV及时、全程接种率为核心,重点地区必要时开展选择性或非选择性MCV补充免疫活动,加强麻疹监测,提高MSS敏感性,做好麻疹疫情调查与处置,并关注小月龄婴儿和成人易感者在麻疹病毒传播中的作用、探讨针对性的策略与措施。

关键词(KeyWords)： 麻疹;流行病学特征;消除;进展

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 马超,苏琪茹,郝利新,温宁,樊春祥,曹雷,张燕,王慧玲,罗会明,王华庆,李黎

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