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目的 了解中国常规预防接种门诊资源配置和预防接种服务能力现况。方法 2022年12月-2023年3月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取中国10个省份常规预防接种门诊开展问卷调查，描述性分析预防接种门诊布局、预防接种工作人员配置、预防接种服务模式和电子化建设相关指标。结果 共调查177家常规预防接种门诊和1 373名预防接种工作人员。功能分区独立设置、有固定建筑物隔离、出入口分开设置、收费窗口临近登记台的预防接种门诊比例分别为72.32%、93.22%、72.88%、55.93%,预防接种门诊平均面积、每万服务人口门诊面积中位数分别为139.32 m2、0.27 m2。每万服务人口预防接种工作人员中位数为1.29名，在编、从事接种工作年限>5年、大专及以上文化程度、中级及以上职称、专职、月均收入>5 000元的工作人员比例分别为54.41%、48.43%、85.00%、35.91%、40.13%、45.74%。最大服务半径≤10 km、周末提供服务、实行日/周接种、实现知情告知电子签核、实现“一验证”确认电子签核的预防接种门诊比例分别为61.02%、77.97%、94.92%、80.79%、69.49%。在东部、中部和西部地区之间，出入口分开设置、收费窗口临近登记台、最大服务半径≤10 km、周末提供服务、实现知情告知电子签核、实现“一验证”确认电子签核的预防接种门诊比例和预防接种门诊平均面积、每万服务人口门诊面积及在编、从事接种工作年限>5年、中级及以上职称、月均收入>5 000元的工作人员比例共12项指标具有显著性差异(均P<0.05)。结论 中国常规预防接种门诊资源配置和预防接种服务能力总体良好，但存在一定地区差异。
Abstract：Objective To assess resource allocation and services capacity in routine vaccination clinics in China.Methods We used a multi-stage stratified random sampling method to select routine vaccination clinics from 10 provinces of China for a questionnaire-based survey conducted between December 2022 and March 2023. We performed a descriptive analysis of indicators on vaccination clinic layout, vaccination staff, vaccination services model, and digitalized vaccination services.Results A total of 177 routine vaccination clinics and 1 373 vaccination staff members were surveyed. Proportions of clinics with independent functional zones, fixed buildings for isolation, separate entrances and exits, and payment windows adjacent to registration desks were 72.32%, 93.22%, 72.88%, and 55.93% of clinics, respectively. The average clinic area was 139.32 square meters. The median clinic area per 10 000 population was 0.27 square meters and the median number of vaccination staff per 10 000 population was 1.29. Staff who were permanent employees, who had >5 years of vaccination experience, who had a college education or above, who had intermediate-or-above professional titles, who were full-time employees, and whose monthly incomes were greater than 5 000 yuan accounted for 54.41%, 48.43%, 85.00%, 35.91%, 40.13%, and 45.74% of all staff. Clinics with a maximum service radius ≤10 km, that provided weekend services, offered daily/weekly vaccination, utilized electronic informed consent signing, and implemented electronic "verification" signing accounted for 61.02%, 77.97%, 94.92%, 80.79%, and 69.49% of all clinics. There were significant differences by region(eastern, central, and western China) in 12 indicators: proportion of clinics with separate entrances and exits, payment windows adjacent to registration desks, maximum service radius ≤10 km, providing weekend services, utilizing electronic informed consent signing, implementing electronic "verification" signing, average clinic area, median clinic area per 10 000 population, permanent employees, >5 years of vaccination experience, intermediate or above professional titles, and monthly income greater than 5 000 yuan(all P<0.05).Conclusion Resource allocation and service capacity of routine vaccination clinics in China were generally adequate, but varied somewhat by region.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19914/j.CJVI.2025081
中图分类号:R186
引用信息:
[1]李映霞,曹雷,宋祎凡,等.中国10个省份常规预防接种门诊资源配置和预防接种服务能力现况调查[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2025,31(05):511-516.DOI:10.19914/j.CJVI.2025081.
基金信息:
中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生应急反应机制的运行(102393220020010000017)